CORRER PODRÍA CAUSAR RABDOMIÓLISIS
by: Charly TacachoPosted on:

CORRER PODRÍA CAUSAR RABDOMIÓLISIS

En éste breve artículo informativo vamos a develar que es, y si correr podría causar Rabdomiólisis. Primero debemos entender que existe un riesgo en aquellos corredores que comienzan a hacer ejercicio físico, ya que abusar en un inicio del ejercicio puede hacerte sentir muy mal de un día al otro.

Aunque tambien aquellos que son avanzados o utilizan productos o suplementos químicos prohibidos pueden causar un desequilibrio en el metabolismo.  Como sucedió recientemente, éste 25 de julio, con el famoso culturista e influencer Larry Wheels que fue hospitalizado por Rabdomiólisis, una rara condición que en algunos pocos casos puede ser fatal.

Que es la Rabdomiólisis

Que es la Rabdomiólisis
Que es la Rabdomiólisis
Es el resultado de la rápida destrucción de las fibras musculares del músculo estriado o esquelético, como bíceps, cuádriceps, gastrocnemios, entre otros, con salida del contenido intracelular a la circulación sistémica, lo que es potencialmente tóxico. Estas sustancias son dañinas para el riñón y con frecuencia causan daño renal.

Fisiopatología

Cuando el músculo sufre daño, una proteína llamada mioglobina es secretada en el torrente sanguíneo. Esta es luego filtrada fuera del cuerpo por los riñones. La mioglobina se descompone en sustancias que pueden dañar las células renales.

El mecanismo patogénico coincide y se caracteriza por un incremento en la concentración de calcio iónico citoplasmático y una vez que supera un limite se activa la cascada que conlleva a la destrucción del miocito (es una célula multinucleada o sincitio, cilíndrica y con capacidad contráctil y de la cual está compuesto el músculo esquelético):

a) Activación de lipasas y proteasas

b) Contracción miocitica persistente

c) Elevación en el calcio mitocondrial –disfunción  mitocondrial : Disminuye producción de ATP

d) Producción de radicales libres –estrés oxidativo

e) Muerte de la célula muscular.

Causas

Sarcolema de una fibra muscular
Sarcolema de una fibra muscular.

Primero debemos entender que mediante el deporte, sea correr o hacer fuerza, rompemos fibras musculares de forma progresiva y estructurada, de forma que el cuerpo pueda recomponer y mejorar esa estructura muscular.

Pero si destruimos las fibras musculares de forma rápida y sin descanso puede ocasionar una Rabdomiólisis, por ejemplo atletas quieren correr un maratón sin estar preparados o aquellos que van al gimnasio de forma ininterrumpida y levantan peso para el que no están entrenados.

Así se produce la destrucción de una parte de la fibra muscular, el sarcolema ( fina membrana que envuelve a una fibra musculoesquelética) y la destrucción de bombas importante para el intercambios de electrolitos, como la de Sodio-Potasio.

Todo el contenido roto de las fibras musculares va a ingresar al torrente sanguíneo y dañara órganos como los riñones, ya que no pueden metabolizar ese tipo de sustancias.

El daño muscular también puede causar una afección llamada síndrome compartimental

Síndrome comportamental
Síndrome comportamental
  • Un compartimento es un grupo de músculos que se mantienen unidos por una envoltura o cubierta fibrosa delgada.
  • Cuando uno de los músculos que se encuentra en el interior de la envoltura resulta lesionado y se hincha, la presión dentro de la envoltura puede aumentar porque esta no se puede estirar mucho.
  • La alta presión dentro de la envoltura puede evitar la entrada de la sangre que alimenta a los músculos que se encuentran en el interior.
  • Cuando estos músculos no reciben sangre suficiente, mueren. A esto se le llama síndrome compartimental.
  • Aunque no es frecuente, si no se trata o si no se trata lo suficientemente pronto, el síndrome compartimental puede causar discapacidad permanente porque el cuerpo no puede regenerar el músculo muerto.

Síntomas

Uno de los síntomas es el color oscuro del orina.
Uno de los síntomas de la Rabdomiólisis es el color oscuro del orina.

Los síntomas pueden incluir:

  • Orina de color oscuro, rojo o color de refresco de cola
  • Disminución de la producción de orina
  • Debilidad generalizada
  • Rigidez o dolor muscular (mialgia)
  • Sensibilidad muscular, hinchazón o bombeo excesivo
  • Debilidad de los músculos afectados, edema que rodea al músculo

Otros síntomas que pueden ocurrir con esta enfermedad incluyen los siguientes:

  • Fatiga
  • Dolor articular
  • Convulsiones
  • Aumento de peso (involuntario)

Conclusiones

Rabdomiólisis durante un entrenamiento
Rabdomiólisis durante un entrenamiento.

Como hemos analizados ésta patología se puede dar tanto en personas amateur como profesionales, que practiquen algún deporte como correr o gimnasio entre otras causas. Recuerda que si está comenzando el deporte y quieres progresar debes primero prepararte para eso, así evitas llegar a éstos problemas.

Para comenzar a correr debes tener una programación y estructuración de la misma acorde a tus posibilidades, para eso debes tener un profesional que te guie, puedes contactar a nuestro Equipo de profesionales para realizar el deporte y estar protegido.

Evita los entrenamientos muy extenuantes tanto en volumen como temperatura ambiental, si sientes algún dolor o molestia, o deshidratación acude al medico y realiza los controles para evitar cualquier complejidad.

Como dijimos cuida muy bien tu hidratación durante todos tus entrenamientos antes, durante y después, así evitarás complicaciones y te recuperas mejor para el siguiente entreno. Recuerda cuidar tus sensaciones y no seguir al rápido o a aquel que te diga que puedes levantar más peso, es tu cuerpo y sólo tiene uno. Cuídalo y sé progresivo!

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