by: Charly TacachoPosted on:

TRAIL RUNNING Y EL FÚTBOL, ¿SON COMPATIBLES?

Está claro que el fútbol en Argentina, y en muchos países de Latinoamérica, tiene un significado especial. Mueve pasiones desde aquel 20 de junio de 1.867 que se jugó el primer partido en el país, y también genera un monumental negocio.

DE FUTBOLISTA A CORREDOR

Tenemos muchos ejemplos de futbolistas que luego se pasaron al deporte de carrera a pie. El caso más conocido es el de Pau Capell que se lesionó el tendón cruzado jugando al Futsal y los médicos le recomendaron que saliera a correr por la naturaleza. Esto hace 10 años y desde ese momento no paró de cosechar victorias y récord en el Trail Running.

Otro caso es el de Arjen Robben, exfutbolista de Países Bajos de 38 años, que se retiró en 2021 y comenzó a correr. Primero hizo un medio maratón en Haren en 1 hora 20 minutos. Luego se puso en la línea de salida del maratón de Rotterdam y lo finalizó en menos de 3 horas y media, a un brutal ritmo de 4min35seg/km.

Kaká fue un gran protagonista en el maratón de Berlín éste pasado 24 de septiembre, que completó la distancia en 3 horas 38 minutos. El ex campeón mundial de futbol brasileño, había pronosticado que terminaría la Maratón de Berlín en 3h.40, y su pronóstico estuvo muy cerca, para ser su primer maratón.

Héctor Chango Díaz pasó del fútbol a correr maratones para superar la depresión. El tucumano se retiró a los 35 años y entró en depresión, por lo que le recomendaron correr. Hoy a sus 77 años sigue corriendo, una verdadera historia de superación.

Álvaro Arbeloa, ex jugador del Real Madrid y atleta aficionado, señala que bajaría de 3 minutos en un kilómetro. Una vez retirado del fútbol se ha convertido en un gran atleta aficionado con grandes marcar como 1h:17 en medio maratón. El deportista madrileño cree que los futbolistas han mejorado mucho físicamente, ya que para él hace años ir a 4’30’’ el kilómetros ya estaba muy bien. Ahora ese ritmo es un trote. «Evidentemente los futbolistas no están preparados específicamente para correr medio fondo o fondo”, comenta el ex jugador del Real Madrid.

Características de la potencia aeróbica máxima de futbolistas profesionales masculinos

Un estudio evaluó la potencia aeróbica máxima (VO2 máx) entre 1.545 jugadores de fútbol profesionales masculinos en Noruega, en el Centro de Entrenamiento Olímpico entre 1989 y 2012.

Los hallazgos de un sólido conjunto de datos indican que los valores de VO2max (cantidad de oxígeno que el organismo puede absorber, transportar y consumir por unidad de tiempo determinado) ~62-64 mL / kg · min cumplen con las demandas de capacidad aeróbica en el fútbol profesional masculino y que el VO2max les permitiría correr los 42 kilómetros en un promedio de 2 horas y 36 minutos.

Personalmente no creo que se pueda extrapolar los datos obtenidos de VO2 máximo con correr 42km 195m, ya que una medición del oxígeno no implica que pueda estar sometiendo su cuerpo a una distancia tan larga y estresante, para un atleta sin la preparación correcta. El límite fisiológico humano está comandado por la musculatura, sistema óseo, psicológico y muchas más estructuras del cuerpo que deben alinearse para moverse a un determinado ritmo, durante un determinado tiempo para cumplir con el objetivo. Esto se logra con un entrenamiento específico.

EL FÚTBOL Y EL TRAIL RUNNING ¿SON COMPATIBLES?

Primero debemos entender que el deporte es un estresor de los tejidos, la ausencia de deporte también será un estresor, que creará diferentes adaptaciones en las estructuras del cuerpo, que pueden ser positivas, como el deporte o negativas como la ausencia del mismo.

La calidad de estímulos que genera el fútbol a grandes rasgos será positiva para la practica de Trail Running, ya que se entrena la fuerza, los sprints, cambios ritmos, pasadas, fuerza elástica explosiva, entre otros estímulos multiplanares.

Con el futbol vas a mejorar la movilidad y flexibilidad de los ejes musculares, quitando así ciertas limitaciones necesarias para transitar los descensos en la montaña. Va a tener más recursos para gestionar y resolver escenarios que se dan en esa fase excéntrica. 

A nivel evolutivo el cuerpo no entiende si estás haciendo fútbol, trail running u otro deporte, el cuerpo entiende de estímulos y responde a esos gestos para volverse más fuerte, o más débil, según cada caso.

Entonces dentro de cierto parámetro, practicar fútbol podría ser beneficioso para un corredor de montaña, pero sería más beneficiosos si practicas el balompié y usas la montaña para mejorar la capacidad aeróbica y resistencia.

LOS RIESGOS DE COMBINAR AMBOS DEPORTES

El fútbol tiene movimientos balísticos y explosivos que exigen en momentos puntuales de todo el sistema muscular, lo cual puede provocar desgarros en los trail runners que están acostumbrados a movimientos de tipo cíclico. A pesar de que los corredores tienen una fuerte masa muscular por la cantidad de micro impactos que reciben al momento de correr, no es el mismo tipo de movimiento e impacto en el sistema muscular.

Otro posible inconveniente es que a las ya, más comunes lesiones en el running, como son la fascitis plantar, el síndrome de la banda iliotibial o la tendinitis, se sumarían las más frecuentes en el fútbol como son las esguinces de tobillo, el desgarro de ligamentos de la rodilla, lesiones en los isquiotibiales, provocadas por cambios de velocidad, y contusiones por choques o golpes que pueden terminar en fracturas óseas.

A raíz de esto aconsejo practicar el deporte de fútbol como complemento aislado y ocasional, si estás preparando una carrera de trail running, mejor enfocarse en ese evento y al finalizar, descansar un tiempo prudencial y luego volver al fútbol.

CONCLUSIÓN

La práctica de fútbol en edades tempranas será beneficiosos para mejorar la musculatura, la estructura ósea, ligamentos y tendones. Estas adaptaciones serán de gran utilidad para que a futuro se dedique al deporte de Trail Running. También mejorará su VO2 máximo y capacidad aeróbica.

Pero son las zonas tendinosas y ligamentosas las que llevan más tiempo de adaptación al gesto de correr en montaña, por lo que si utilizamos esas estructuras de forma exagerada caeremos en una lesión.

Disfruta del deporte de forma consciente y utiliza como complemento cruzado cuando te decidas por el deporte de montaña a la bicicleta, yoga o stretching, natación, kayak, sky, entre otros.

Si quieres ser parte del Team Vultur nos dejas tu consulta y te convertirás en un gran deportista de montaña. 

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